California is known for its erratic climate, but over the past few years it has faced extreme and unpredictable changes between wet and dry conditions. This abnormality is known as “weather whiplash” and has become very severe due to climate change. These changes disrupt the ecosystem and also worsen the intensity of wildfires.
California’s series of heavy rainfall and lengthened droughts have made the environment unstable. The winters of 2022 and 2023 brought plentiful rainfall, but agricultural and environmental conditions have made it difficult for water to soak into the ground, instead sitting on top of the soil. Not only has this caused flooding, but it has also caused the ground to be more vulnerable to fires, despite the high amount of rainfall.
Southern California’s vulnerability to wildfires became apparent when “abnormally dry” conditions returned after heavy rain. This affected around 2.2 million people and left the areas prone to wildfires. Climate change models predicted that events of extreme rainfall would become more common, and would be followed by an extreme drought. This has extended wildfire conditions beyond the standard May to November time frame.
The 2024 fire season saw many more fires than usual, but the total land burned remained below the five-year average. However, by December, Los Angeles County was already facing a state of moderate drought, increasing the risk of fires.
Since Jan. 7, 2025, a series of 23 wildfires have struck Southern California, mostly in Los Angeles County. These fires were fueled by dry conditions, low humidity, and hurricane Santa Ana’s winds reaching up to 100 mph. As of Jan. 24, 2025, these fires caused significant destruction, killing upwards of 28 people, forcing almost 200,000 to evacuate, and destroying or damaging over 16,000 structures.
One of the most devastating fires in January was the Eaton Fire. It began near Altadena Drive and Midwick Drive in the Altadena/Pasadena area. It burned over 14,021 acres. This fire took 15 lives, injured five firefighters, and destroyed or damaged 10,491 structures.
The Palisades Fire started around 10:30 am on Jan. 7, burning 23,707 acres and 6,835 structures, with 12 reported deaths. The exact cause of this fire remains unknown, but it may be because of nearby power lines, human activity, or a spot fire.
Other fires include the Kenneth Fire, for which a suspect was arrested for arson. In Ventura County, the Auto fire destroyed many auto dealerships and was eventually contained by a river. Meanwhile, the Hurst Fire burned 799 acres and was fully contained in late January.
Wildfires leave burn scar areas that are prone to flooding and mudslides. When heavy precipitation returns, these areas face trouble. Looting became a problem, with over 20 arrests being made as affected communities are being targeted. The LA fires have also seen national controversy for the political response to requests for money to support the firefighting and rebuilding efforts.
California’s current state underscores the urgent need for action against climate change. Warmer temperatures and longer droughts are intensifying, and will lead to frequent and more severe wildfires. Measures such as improving forest management, investing in firefighting resources, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions need to be taken, as they are vital to reducing these impacts. Residents of California must be prepared for the challenges of extreme weather. The unpredictability of rain patterns and the intensity of wildfires remind us of the need to fight against climate change.
